1775 BATTLES OF LEXINGTON & CONCORD. Quakers Warned Revolutionary Participation is Gospel Unfaithfulness.

A critical communication by John Pemberton on behalf of the Society of Friends in New England issued just three months before the battles at Lexington and Concord. The Revolutionary crisis was at its absolute breaking point. The document makes its purpose explicit; it is written in light of "the troubles and commotions which have prevailed, and still continue in this once peaceful land,” and responds with a firm demand for Quaker neutrality and non-participation in light of the Gospel example.

The epistle directly addresses the moment, and the crisis at hand. Quakers were being, here described euphemistically, "nominated to attend on and engage in some public affairs." In other words, they were being recruited to join revolutionary committees, emerging revolutionary governmental bodies, and militias. The Meeting firmly instructs Friends that they cannot participate "without deviating from these our religious principles." The document functions as a preemptive discipline notice to any Friend tempted to join the patriot cause.

Provocatively, and perhaps a poor choice in retrospect, it bears the closing injunction to "fear God, honor the King, and do good to all men.” This is a direct and politically charged statement. In January 1775, telling Philadelphians to honor the King was a serious political act. It is believed by most scholars that this was not intended as a “loyalist” commitment, but a commitment to be faithful to the Gospel witness in the status quo and to not use violence and usurpation as a mechanism to achieving religious and social liberty. It was, however, interpreted by many of the patriots as being a Loyalist commitment and led to the imprisonment and persecution of Quakers for suspected sedition.

Offered but twice at auction in the last 95 years. 

Pemberton, John. An Epistle from the Meeting for Sufferings, Held in Philadelphia for Pennsylvania and New-Jersey, the 5th Day of the First Month 1775. 3pp. 

A good, clean example on a large bifolium sheet, 13 1/2 x 8 3/8 in. Signed in type by John Pemberton as Clerk on behalf of the Meeting. Creasing from contemporary folds and some minor toning and tears at extremities.